The Origins, History, and Significance of Keris in Indonesia

Few objects capture Indonesia’s rich heritage like the keris. Distinctive to Java and Bali, this dagger is more than a weapon — it is a ceremonial cultural symbol. Keris are used in many different respects: as weapons, as talismans with magical powers, as sanctified heirlooms, as equipment for court soldiers, as an accessory for ceremonial dress, as a symbol of heroism, as an indicator of social status, or simply to display their beauty. In this article, Sake Santema from Indies Gallery presents some of his antique keris prints alongside a brief history of their origins, evolution, and modern-day significance.

Keris are seen as almost alive: vessels of spirits, good or evil. Legends tell of blades that move on their own, kill at will, stand upright when their masters call their true names, or even render their owners invisible in danger. They were said to prevent fires, death, and crop failure, or bring fortune such as bountiful harvests. If an owner slept with the blade under their pillow, the keris’ spirit would communicate through dreams.

Harmony between weapon and owner is critical. The keris was often passed down as a family heirloom, or pusaka, believed to house ancestral spirits. The annual Javanese cleansing ritual jamasan purifies the keris, enhances its power, and maintains its link to the ancestors. In Bali, heirloom keris are honoured every 210 days on Tumpek Landep, meaning “sharp.” They are cleaned, displayed in temple shrines, and offered incense, holy water, red food, and flowers to Brahma, the god of fire.

Islam’s spread in the 15th century brought new motifs to the keris. Earlier blades featured Hindu-Buddhist symbols; later ones incorporated Islamic calligraphy and iconography. The keris declined as a battle weapon after European firearms arrived in the 16th century, then faded further when the Dutch East Indies banned edged weapons in the early 20th century.

In 2005, UNESCO recognised the keris as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Across Indonesia, the keris continues to be a focal point in ceremonies, rituals, and traditional performances. It remains an integral part of weddings, where it symbolises the groom’s readiness and responsibility, and is featured in wayang (shadow puppet) theatre, dance, and processions. Beyond its ceremonial role, the keris is a marker of identity and heritage. Many families still possess heirloom keris, passed down as treasured pusaka. Collectors and enthusiasts continue to value the artistry and historical significance of antique keris, whilst contemporary smiths keep the tradition alive by forging new blades using time-honoured techniques.

The prints in this article are available for purchase through Indies Gallery, whilst high-quality reprints can be found at Old East Indies.

Indies Gallery & Old East Indies
Jl. Gambuh No. 17, Denpasar, Bali
www.indiesgallery.com